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where:

σ_z

-

vertical geostatic stress

c

-

cohesion of soil

K_p

-

coefficient of passive earth pressure

where:

φ

-

angle of internal friction of soil

δ

-

angle of friction between structure and soil

β

-

slope inclination

α

-

back face inclination of the structure

where:

σ_p

-

passive earth pressure

δ

-

angle of friction between structure and soil

α

-

back face inclination of the structure